Regular physical activity during adolescence is associated with which mental health outcome?

• A. Improved mood
• B. Increased anxiety and depression
• C. Decreased cognitive function
• D. Worsened sleep quality

Answer: (A)

Regular physical activity during adolescence helps regulate mood because it triggers chemical changes in the brain and supports overall mental health. Exercise releases endorphins and other mood-related neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, and brain adaptations involving factors that support neuron health improve how the brain processes emotions. It also lowers stress hormones, which can reduce feelings of tension. Exercise often improves sleep and self-esteem, and the social aspects of being active provide support and a sense of accomplishment, all of which contribute to a more positive mood. Because of these interconnected effects, the typical mental health outcome linked to regular activity is an improved mood in teens. The other outcomes—more anxiety and depression, poorer cognitive function, or worse sleep—aren’t the usual pattern and, in many studies, regular activity is associated with protection against depressive symptoms, stable or enhanced cognitive function, and better sleep quality.